Advances in Chemical Engineering & Technology

Catalysts are complex materials that must fulfill many criteria on multiple scales, in order to be successfully used in catalytic processes. There are different types of catalysis process like photo catalysis, Thermo catalysis, and Nano catalysis etc. Heterogeneous catalysts act in a different phase than the reactants. Most of the heterogeneous catalysts are solids that act on substrates in a gaseous or liquid reaction mixture. Industrial process chemistry is the key components of heavy industry. Industrial processes are procedures involving chemical, physical, electrical technologies to aid in the manufacturing of an item that usually carried out on a very large scale.

Chemical reaction engineering involves organizing plant processes and conditions to ensure optimal plant operation to construct models for reactor process design and analysis. Many applications of chemical engineering involved in the day to day life like rubber, plastic, cement, sugar, ceramic etc.

Heat Transfer is the process of transfer of heat from high temperature reservoir to low temperature reservoir. In terms of the thermodynamic system, heat transfer is the movement of heat across the boundary of the system due to temperature difference between the system and the surroundings. The heat transfer can also take place within the system due to temperature difference at various points inside the system. The difference in temperature is ‘potential’ that causes the flow of heat and the heat itself is called as flux.

Heat exchangers are devices built for efficient heat transfer from one fluid to another. They are widely used in engineering processes and include examples such as intercoolers, preheaters, boilers and condensers in power plants. Heat exchangers are becoming more and more important to manufacturers striving to control energy costs.

The driving force for mass transfer is typically a difference in chemical potential, when it can be defined, though other thermodynamic gradients may couple to the flow of mass and drive it as well. A chemical species moves from areas of high chemical potential to areas of low chemical potential. Mass transfer is used by different scientific disciplines for different processes and mechanisms. Mass transfer occurs in many processes, such as absorption, evaporation, drying, Crystallization, membrane filtration, and distillation. Distillation is a widely used method for separating mixtures based on differences in the conditions required to change the phase of components of the mixture. Absorption is the process in which a fluid is dissolved by a liquid or a solid (absorbent). Adsorption is the process in which atoms, ions or molecules from a substance (it could be gas, liquid or dissolved solid) adhere to a surface of the adsorbent.

A Separation technique is a process to achieve any mass transfer occurrence that converts a mixture of substances into two or more individual product mixtures. Separations may differ in chemical properties or physical properties such as size, shape, mass, density, between the constituents of a mixture. They are often categorized according to the particular differences they use to achieve separation. Separation process consists of different techniques like distillation, extraction, zone refining etc. Adsorption is the union of atoms, ions or molecules from a gas, liquid to a surface. Distillation is a type of technique used for liquid mixtures with different boiling points. Chromatography separates dissolved particles by different interaction.

Modeling and analysis of transport phenomena are essential for many industrial applications. Transport phenomena involve fluid dynamics, heat transfer and mass transfer, which are governed mainly by momentum transfer, energy transfer and transport of chemical species respectively. Models often involve separate considerations for macroscopic, microscopic and molecular level phenomena. Modeling of transport phenomena requires, therefore, requires an understanding of applied mathematics.

Fluid Mechanics is the branch of science that reviews the conduct of fluids when they are in condition of motion or rest. Regardless of whether the fluid is at rest or motion, it is subjected to various forces and distinctive climatic conditions and it carries on in these conditions according to its physical properties. Fluid mechanics manages three parts of the liquid: static, kinematics, and flow perspectives. Industrial Applications of Fluids.

The interdisciplinary field of materials science, also commonly termed materials science and engineering is the design and discovery of new materials, particularly solids. The intellectual origins of materials science stem from the Enlightenment when researchers began to use analytical thinking from chemistry, physics, and engineering to understand ancient, phenomenological observations in metallurgy and mineralogy

Environmental Engineering basically is a branch of applied science which involves the issues of energy preservation, protection and control of wastes from human and animal activities. It also includes waste water management, air pollution control, recycling, waste disposal, radiation protection, industrial hygiene, animal agriculture, environmental sustainability, public health and environmental engineering law.

In chemical compounds, polymerization occurs in a variety of reaction mechanisms that differ in complexity due to functional groups present in reacting compounds. Biopolymers contain monomeric units that are covalently bonded to the formation of larger structures. Biopolymers are polymers processed by living organisms. Cellulose is the most common organic compound for biopolymer. The deformation micromechanics of cotton and flax single natural cellulose fibers in relation to their use in cellulose-based networks and composite materials are reported.

Currently, there is an emerging threat to the water resources. Hence Scientists and researchers are applying new tools and techniques to solve the various challenges and develop innovative methods to conserve and treat the water resources available.

Biochemical Engineering is an essential area in modern biotechnology. Biochemical engineering includes Bioreactor and fermenter design aspects, Industrial biotechnology, Photobioreactor electrochemical energy conversion, Biological hydrogen production (Algae), Biofuel from algae, Bioreactor landfill, and Moss bioreactor.

The market size of composites in oil & gas industry is projected to reach USD 1.98 Billion by 2021, at a CAGR of 5.05% between 2016 and 2021. The increasing demand for non-corrosive and lightweight materials in the oil & gas industry and low maintenance cost of composites are the key drivers of the global market of composites in oil & gas industry.

Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel in the world, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration. It’s cheap, readily mined domestically and generated almost half of all electricity in the country in 2009 as well as more than 40 % of electricity produced globally. Though American coal is a domestic affair we don’t need to import it the fuel has caused substantial air pollution, as well as ground and surface water pollution from mercury and acid rain. Coal is also the source of countless mining and steady supply of greenhouse gases.

The artificial intelligence (AI) market is expected to be worth USD 16.06 Billion by 2022, at a CAGR of 62.9% between 2016 and 2022. The major drivers for the growth are increasingly large and complex datasets and Growing number of AI applications in various end-user industries. Moreover, the increasing adoption of AI-enabled products and software tools to improve consumer services further accelerate its market growth.

The global analytical standards market is expected to be valued at USD 1.14 Billion in 2015, growing at a CAGR of 6.5% during the forecast period to reach USD 1.56 Billion in 2020. This market is mainly driven by factors such as rising demand for analytical instruments in proteomics & metabolomics and growing importance of analytical tests in drug approval. On the other hand, high cost of analytical instruments & standards is restricting the growth of the global analytical standards market.

Environmental Engineering basically is a branch of applied science which involves the issues of energy preservation, protection, and control of wastes from human and animal activities. It also includes wastewater management, air pollution control, recycling, waste disposal, radiation protection, industrial hygiene, animal agriculture, environmental sustainability, public health and environmental engineering law.

Crystallization is also a chemical solid–liquid separation technique, in which mass transfer of a solute from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline phase occurs. In chemical engineering, crystallization occurs in a crystallizer.

Once a system is mathematically modelled, computer-based simulations provide information about its behavior. In physics-related problems, Monte Carlo methods are useful for simulating systems with many coupled degrees of freedom, such as fluids, disordered materials, strongly coupled solids, and cellular structures. Agent-based modelling is related to, but distinct from, the concept of multi-agent systems or multi-agent simulation in that the goal of ABM is to search for explanatory insight into the collective behavior of agents obeying simple rules, typically in natural systems, rather than in designing agents or solving specific practical or engineering problems.

The global women’s health diagnostics market is projected to reach USD 36.64 Billion by 2021 from USD 25.03 Billion in 2016, at a CAGR of around 7.9% during the forecast period. This market is mainly driven by the increased adoption of point-of-care & rapid diagnostic tests, growth in the number of private diagnostic centers, high prevalence of infectious diseases in women, rising incidence of chronic & lifestyle-related disorders in women and increasing awareness about fertility testing in women & initiatives taken by government and health organizations.