Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Amarjit Bakshi
Refining Hydrocarbon Technologies LLC, USA
Keynote: Changing refinery gasoline economics by breakthrough smart technologies: RHT-alkylation and RHT-iso-octene and iso-octane technology
Biography:
Amarjit Bakshi has a PhD and also Undergraduate Degree, both in Chemical Engineering from University of Surrey, Guildford, UK. He has over 40 years’ experience in Engineering/Consulting Management at senior level in Process Engineering, Technology, Business Development, Licensing, Acquisitions, Alliances and Project Management and Engineering, Operations Management and Process Engineering. He has provided proven leadership and vision with broader perspectives and able to manage multiple tasks and personnel on mega projects. He has worked in all EU countries including UK, Germany and The Netherlands.
Abstract:
Advances in alkylation technology: With the invention of RHT-alkylation, sulfuric acid alkylation process configuration and equipment provides multiple paradigm shifts and breakthroughs in the technology but keeping the same reaction chemistry. The breakthroughs reduce the CapEx and OpEx in 40 to 50% regions, compared to conventional technology; this is not just improvements but a major paradigm shift. The process uses a unique eductor-mixing device, which reduce the costs and maintenance requirements on stream factor with simple equipment. The unit uses classical coalescers for separating the acid and hydrocarbon from the contactor/reactor effluent, making it a dry process that simplifies the process by reducing equipment items, corrosion and cost. Additionally major breakthrough is in absorbing the auto refrigeration vapors in reactor effluent. This reduces the requirement for compressor, saving 20% CapEx and 50% of power requirements and operating costs. These are major benefits to the refining industry and should be embraced by the industry to enhance the competitiveness of the unit. RHT-Iso-octene/iso-octane process provides major economic advantages with simple and smart configuration which enhances the yield and reduces the equipment sizes and utilities. These advances simplify the technology and provide economy of scale.
Recent Publications
1. E Khlebnikova, A Bekker, E Ivashkina, I Dolganova and E Yurev (2015) Thermodynamic analysis of benzene alkylation with ethylene. Procedia Chemistry 15:42–48.
2. A A Chudinova, A A Salishcheva, E N Ivashkina, O A Reutova, K S Gulyaev, et al. (2014) Estimation of sulfocationites application expediency as catalysts of benzene alkylation process with propylene. Procedia Chemistry 10:284–288.
3. A E Nurmakanova, A A Salishcheva, A A Chudinova, A A Syskina and E N Ivashkina (2014) Comparison between alkylation and transalkylation reactions using ab initio approach. Procedia Chemistry 10:430–436.
4. I O Dolganova, I M Dolganov, E D Ivanchina, E N Ivashkina, N S Belinskaya, et al. Reactor-regenerator system joint work optimization in benzene alkylation with higher olefins unit. Procedia Chemistry 10:547–554.
5. E D Ivanchina, E N Ivashkina, I O Dolganova and V V Platonov (2014) Effect of thermodynamic stability of higher aromatic hydrocarbons on the activity of the HF catalyst for benzene alkylation with C9-C14 olefins. Petroleum Chemistry 54(6):445–451.
- Petroleum Engineering | Carbon And Graphene Material
Location: Bleroit 1
Chair
Dah-Shyang Tsai
National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
Co-Chair
Paramespri Naidoo
University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Session Introduction
Mojgan Ebrahiminejadhasanabadi
University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Title: CO2 absorption studies with hybrid solvents of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIM[BF4]) + N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) using a new static-synthetic equilibrium cell
Biography:
Mojgan Ebrahiminejadhasanabadi currently is a final year PhD candidate at the Thermodynamic Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Mojgan holds a BSc from University of Tehran (Sep 2007– Sep 2011) and MSc from Isfahan University of Technology (Sep 2011 –Sep 2013) in Chemical Engineering-Process Design. She was ranked top of her 2013 MSc Chemical Engineering cohort, graduating with a GPA score of 18.18 out of 20. She was a researcher at Enhanced Oil Recovery Institute (2011-2013) and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (2015). Her research areas focuses on separation technologies, measurement of phase equilibrium data, equipment design and development for phase equilibrium measurements, CO2 and H2S capture, and mathematical modelling. Her current research is ‘measurement of acid gas solubility in fluorochemical solvents’ to investigate the potential of selected fluorinated ionic liquids as additives to reduce the disadvantages of common technologies for the acid gas removal.
Abstract:
In order to design and optimize the separation technologies based on absorption method, accurate vapour-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data obtained through reliable experimental apparatus are required. To this end, a “static-synthetic” experimental setup was designed and commissioned. The novel design of the equilibrium cell consists of a sapphire tube compressed between a bottom weld-neck (tapered) flange and a top flat stainless steel flange. The wider base allows for improved agitation of the cell contents; furthermore, the change in height of liquid can be recorded more precisely along the length of the sapphire tube with reduced diameter. An adjustable ruler was designed and attached to the cell to measure the height of liquid. The experimental method was validated by measuring the CO2 solubility in pure solvents, viz., hexane, NMP and BMIM[BF4]. Excellent agreement was obtained between the measured data and that reported in literature. New solubility data was measured for CO2 in hybrid solvents with different mass compositions (10%, 25% and 50%) of BMIM[BF4] at temperatures of 298.15, 313.15 and 323.15 K and in the pressure range of 1 to 20 bar. The viscosity, density and vapor pressure for the NMP + BMIM[BF4] mixtures were also measured. Depending on the temperature, pressure and composition of solvents, the solubility of CO2 in hybrid solvents reveals a decrease of 5% to 25% in comparison to the pure solvents. Meanwhile, the addition of NMP to BMIM[BF4], to make a mixture with 74% of ionic liquid, reduces the viscosity by approximately 70% which supports the use of BMIM[BF4] for such applications. Furthermore, the loss of solvent and its volatility were decreased when hybrid solvents were used instead of pure NMP. The experimental data were modelled using flash calculations utilizing the Peng-Robinson equation and the Wilson correlation. The average absolute relative deviations (AARD%) obtained were within 3.5%.
Varindra Kumar
University of Cambridge, UK
Title: Carbon nano tube gas sensor using thin wire dipole antenna
Biography:
Varindra Kumar has obtained his Bachelors in Electronics Engineering from National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Master of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology Varanasi. Subsequently after working across various companies in electronics design, he joined PhD at the University of Nottingham in EMC Macromodeling. After finishing his PhD he is working as Postdoc in gas sensing design and manufacturing at the department of Engineering, University of Cambridge. He is the editor and reviewer of some electronics and its related journals and conferences and has published a total of 22 journal and conference papers.
Abstract:
Carbon Nano tube (CNT) with its unique thermal, mechanical, electrical and chemical property provide sound mechanism for gas sensing and its density measurement. The attribute of CNT in retaining these properties even after forming a wide surface area to provide consistent and reliable result makes it an excellent material for a wide range of applications. The multi wall carbon nano tube (MWCNT) and Graphene based doping /hybrid (alloy with other metallic elements or polymer components and functionalisation of CNT with other materials) solutions enhance these electrical, physical and chemical properties further. In addition, the nano-structure property of the CNT provides a promising potential for its application. This paper talks about the design and modeling of FeCl3 doped thin film CNT based transducer element with the structure of 5 GHz range dipole antenna (using a thin wire dipole) for gas sensing and detection. The doped unrolled MWCNT based structure have been used to enhance its electrical conductivity to provide a comparative conductivity of other existing metals such as copper, silver and gold which combined with its high surface area provides a highly accurate, consistent and sensitive detection at given operating conditions. The change in electrical conductivity or electron mobility of the CNT diffused element within the vicinity of gas particles is a good source of gas particle measurement. Different gas particles such as O2, NO2, NH3, SO2, CO2 and CO when exposed over an enclosed CNT dipole antenna within an enclosure shows a shift in its resonant frequency (in comparison of unexposed CNT sheet of 5 GHz resonance), which provides a sound mechanism for particle type and density measurement. As the electrical conductivity of CNT is also sensitive to temperature, pressure and moisture present in the environment, the design methodology has been calibrated for these parameters while obtaining the result.
Recent Publications
1. Kumari A, Jana RK (2013) Extraction of metals from sea-nodules using buffered sodium chloride media. Indian chemical engineer 55: 1-8.
2. Nichani K, Bapat S, Kumari A (2014) A study of combating climate change with carbon capture and sequestration. International journal of engineering and technical research 2: 269-272.
3. Maskaria K, Kadam SK, Kumari A (2015) Study on zero discharge plant for waste water treatment of pharmaceutical industry. International journal of latest trends in engineering and technology 7: 98-102.
4. Kumari A, Mohammed S, Rumane N, Bholla R, Bhawnani S (2016) Improving the dissolved oxygen levels in waste water using oxygen concentrator. GE-International journal of engg. research 4: 1 -9.
5. Tholan PV, Kumari A (2017) an innovative method for waste water treatment using fluidized media bio reactor process. research journal of pharmaceutical, biological and chemical sciences 8: 184-190.
Rosa Maria Baena Nogueras
University of Nottingham, UK
Title: Antibiotic fate in the process environment: informing on waste management options to mitigate veterinary antibiotics as drivers of antimicrobial resistance
Biography:
Rosa María obtained a degree in Environmental Sciences at the University of Granada in 2009, followed by MSc in Environment, Health and Safety, a MEd in Biology and Geology at the University of Granada and a MSc in Integrated Water Resources Management at the University of Cadiz. Meanwhile she performed a research fellowship focused on the determination, reactivity, and fate of surfactants in marine environments and led to a Ph.D. in Marine and Environmental Sciences focuses on the determination and environmental behavior of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in aquatic systems at the University of Cadiz. She joined the University of Nottingham in 2016 as a postdoctoral research fellow to continue her research developing methods and fate of antibiotics in dairy environments within a strong multidisciplinary research programme on AMR (Antimicrobial Resistance) in agricultural settings.
Abstract:
The University of Nottingham owns a high throughput dairy farm with around 200 milking cows, from which the pressed liquid waste ends up in a 3000 m3 slurry tank. The health of a dairy herd is supported by the administration of antibiotics so the farm setting works as an antimicrobial resistance (AMR) reservoir and as a route of entry into the environment. The persistence of antibiotics in dairy settings occur through mediums such as slurry and subsequently via spreading to soil and crops. These routes can act as a channel for the transference of pollutants and the development and spread of AMR within the food chain through uptake by plants and migration to other sources via water run-off, possibly affecting the therapeutic potential against human and animal pathogens and posing a high risk to public health.
The main objective of this study is to measure the distribution and fate of select antibiotics currently in use within the farm environment, informing on process options with the aim to mitigate development and spread of AMR. Therefore, this study intends to understand the response of antibiotics to different process/environmental factors (eg. temperature, mixing) in order to transfer outcomes to improving the waste management in the farming environments.
Fate experiments were performed testing biodegradation degradation in wastewater slurry under different conditions. This work demonstrates that 6 veterinary antibiotics showed persistence in wastewater slurry after 24 hours in an experiment emulating the real conditions of the slurry tank. Cephalosporins were the antibiotic group showing both highest degradation as well as abiotic removal after 24 hours (Fig.1). Understanding antibiotic fate in the real environment enables us to design and adapt engineering processes accordingly, as well as the approach of new ways of managing waste in agricultural environments, mainly as regards the reuse practices including food security.
Recent Publications
1. Villar-Navarro, E, Baena-Nogueras, RM, Paniw, M, Perales, JA, Lara-Martín, PA (2018). Removal of pharmaceuticals in urban wastewater: high rate algae ponds (HRAP) as an alternative to conventional technologies. Water Research, 139: 19-29.
2. Biel-Maeso, M, Baena-Nogueras, RM, Corada-Fernández, C, Lara-Martín, PA (2018). Occurrence, distribution and environmental risk of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the Gulf of Cadiz (SW Spain). Science of the Total Environment, 612: 649-659.
3. Baena-Nogueras, RM, González-Mazo, E, Lara-Martín, PA (2017). Photolysis of antibiotics under simulated sunlight irradiation: kinetics and identification of photoproducts by high resolution mass spectrometry. Environmental Science and Technology 51: 3148-3156.
4. Baena-Nogueras, RM, González-Mazo, E, Lara-Martín, PA (2017). Degradation kinetics of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in surface waters: photolysis vs biodegradation. Science of the Total Environment, 590-591: 643-654.
5. Baena-Nogueras, RM, Pintado-Herrera, Marina G, González-Mazo, E, Lara-Martín, PA (2016). Determination of pharmaceuticals in coastal systems using solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by ultra performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Current Analytical Chemistry 12: 1-19.
Muhammad Ali Theyab
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Iraq
Title: The influence of chemical inhibitors on the rheological properties of waxy crude oil
Biography:
Muhammad Ali Theyab has completed his PhD in Chemical, Process and Energy Engineering and MSc Petroleum Engineering from London South Bank University, and BSc Chemical Engineering from Tikrit University/Iraq. He is an employer at the Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. Theyab's research interests include fluid flow assurance - wax deposition, EOR. Theyab has authored several technical papers. He is a member of SPE.
Abstract:
The world demand for energy has led oil companies to expand their operations in cold environments such as the offshore deepwater and onshore for more reservoirs. During hydrocarbon production in the cold environment, these oil companies are challenged with the problem of wax deposition from the crude oil building up on the pipe wall. It leads to increases in operational and remedial costs while suppressing oil production. Wax inhibitors are one of the mitigation technologies that had been examined its influence on crude oil viscosity and wax appearance temperature (the temperature at which the first crystal of wax start to deposit from crude oil).
During this work, the performance of some of wax inhibitors such as acetone, copolymer + acrylated monomers coded W804, and copolymer + acrylated monomers coded W805 was evaluated to determine their effects on the crude oil rheology, using the programmable Rheometer rig at gradient temperatures 55 to 0°C and shear rate 120 1/s. The synergy of using mixtures of such chemical inhibitors has been examined by adding 250, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm of the mixtures of inhibitors to the crude oil. The first mixture includes acetone with copolymer + acrylated monomers (W804), and the second mixture includes acetone with copolymer + acrylated monomers (W805). These mixtures works well compared with its original components. The wax appearance temperature of the used crude oil in this study without inhibitors is 30°C.
The first mixture of inhibitors reduced the wax appearance temperature of oil to 25.2, 24, 18.4, 16.8, and 15.4°C, at concentration 250, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm respectively. While, the second mixture of inhibitors reduced wax appearance temperature of the crude oil to 24.3, 21.7, 16.7, 15.3 and 14.2°C, at concentration 250, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm respectively.
This blend of the inhibitory properties and significant reduction in wax appearance temperature and oil viscosity is providing a unique contribution in wax elimination methods.
Recent Publications
1. Theyab M.A. and Yahya S.Y. (2018) Introduction to Wax Deposition. International Journal of Petrochemistry and Research 2(1): 126-131.
2. Theyab M.A. (2018) Severe Slugging Control: Simulation of Real Case Study. Journal of Environmental Research 2(1):1-9.
3. Theyab M.A. (2018) Wax deposition process: mechanisms, affecting factors and mitigation methods. Open Access Journal of Science 2(2):112–118. DOI:10.15406/oajs.2018.02.00054.
4. Theyab M.A. (2018) Experimental Methodology Followed to Evaluate Wax Deposition Process. Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology 9: 357. doi: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000357.
5. Theyab M.A. (2018) Fluid Flow Assurance Issues: Literature Review. SciFed Journal of Petroleum 2(1):1-11.
6. Theyab M.A. (2018) The Effect of Shear Stress on Wax Deposit Thickness with and without Spiral Flow. Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology.
7. Theyab M.A., and Diaz P. (2017) An Experimental and Simulation Study of Wax Deposition in Hydrocarbon Pipeline. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches 4(7):27-40. DOI10.5281/zenodo.821334
8. Theyab, M.A., Diaz, P. (2017) Experimental Study on the Effect of Polyacrylate Polymer (C16-C22) on Wax Deposition. International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 8 (1): 16-21. doi: 10.18178/ijcea.2017.8.1.624
9. Theyab, M.A., Diaz, P. (2016) Experimental Study of Wax Deposition in Pipeline – Effect of Inhibitor and Spiral Flow. International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy 5 (3): 174-181. doi: 10.12720/sgce.5.3.174-181.
10. Theyab MA, Diaz P (2016) Experimental Study on the Effect of Inhibitors on Wax Deposition. Journal of Petroleum and Environmental Biotechnology 7 (6): 310. doi: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000310.
11. Theyab, M.A., Diaz, P. (2016) Experimental Study on the Effect of Spiral Flow on Wax Deposition Thickness, One petro, presented at SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference and Exhibition, Moscow, Russia, 24-26 October. SPE 181954-MS. https://doi.org/10.2118/181954-MS (published in English and Russian languages).
12. Theyab, M.A., Diaz, P. (2016) Experimental Study on the Effect of Spiral Flow on Wax Deposition Volume, One petro, presented at Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, UAE, 7-10 November. SPE-182936-MS. doi:10.2118/182936-MS.